Why does China want Taiwan?

Taiwan first came under Chinese control in the 17th century before later falling under Japanese rule.

After the Chinese communist revolution in 1949, the defeated nationalist Kuomintang, or KMT, fled to Taiwan and continued using the name Republic of China, which Taiwan still officially retains.

For Beijing, Taiwan is central to the idea that there is only one Chinese government.

Taiwan also plays a crucial role in the global economy, especially in electronics and semiconductor production. The Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, known as TSMC, is one of the most important chipmakers in the world.

Geography is another major reason Taiwan matters. The island sits within the “first island chain,” a line of U.S.-friendly territories off China’s eastern coast.

If China gained control of Taiwan, it would expand Beijing’s military reach and strengthen its position over key shipping routes.