At first glance, this may seem like an insignificant detail. However, some scholars argue that shepherds typically kept their sheep outdoors during the warmer months of the year.
During the colder winter season around Bethlehem, animals were often brought into sheltered areas to protect them from harsh weather conditions.
If this interpretation is correct, Jesus’ birth may have occurred sometime between spring and autumn rather than during December.
The Roman Census Problem
Luke also records that Joseph and Mary traveled from Nazareth to Bethlehem because of a census ordered by the Roman government.
This journey covered approximately 80 miles (130 kilometers) and would have been difficult, especially for Mary during pregnancy.
Some historians argue that Roman authorities generally preferred conducting censuses during periods of favorable weather when travel was easier and safer.
While this does not conclusively prove the season of Jesus’ birth, it raises additional questions about whether a winter date would have been practical.
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